Analysis of a Frame-Shear Wall Concrete Structure by Using Base Isolation and Evaluation of Structure-Soil Interaction

A base isolation system is a type of earthquake-resistant structure design approach based on the principle of reducing a structure’s earthquake response rather than increasing the structure’s earthquake resistance capacity. Seismic base isolated structures have the ability to make large displacements relative to the level of insulation elements. This means that a large structure performs very small displacements between floors during an earthquake and exhibits a rigid body behavior. At this point, the earthquake forces acting on the structure decrease along with the floors. In this article a school building composed of frame-shear wall is resolved primarily with the traditional fixed base structure system, mode shapes are found and periods are obtained. For earthquake response analysis, earthquake loads are distributed to the floors using the equivalent seismic load method and structural elements experiencing capacity problems are found. Then, using the earthquake record, larger failure of cross sections and capacity problems are obtained compared to the first method. In the second stage, the same structure is dissolved again by placing the lead core rubber base isolators between the base and the vertical structural members. The periods of structures under earthquake load have increased significantly by utilizing base isolation, as a result of that spectral accelerations decreased. Thus, large decreases in the shear forces acting to the structure are determined and failures of cross sections are removed

Nonequilibrium phase transitions and stationary state solutions of a three-dimensional random-field Ising model under a time dependent periodic external field

Nonequilibrium behavior and dynamic phase transition properties of a kinetic Ising model under the influence of periodically oscillating random-fields have been analyzed within the framework of effective field theory (EFT) based on a decoupling approximation (DA). Dynamic equation of motion has been solved for a simple cubic lattice ($q=6$) by utilizing a Glauber type stochastic process. Amplitude of the sinusoidally oscillating magnetic field is randomly distributed on the lattice sites according to bimodal and trimodal distribution functions. For a bimodal type of amplitude distribution, it is found in the high frequency regime that the dynamic phase diagrams of the system in temperature versus field amplitude plane resemble the corresponding phase diagrams of pure kinetic Ising model. Our numerical results indicate that for a bimodal distribution, both in the low and high frequency regimes, the dynamic phase diagrams always exhibit a coexistence region in which the stationary state (ferro or para) of the system is completely dependent on the initial conditions whereas for a trimodal distribution, coexistence region disappears depending on the values of system parameters.Comment: 11 pages, 11 figure

Effective field theory analysis of 3D random field Ising model on isometric lattices

Ising model with quenched random magnetic fields is examined for single Gaussian, bimodal and double Gaussian random field distributions by introducing an effective field approximation that takes into account the correlations between different spins that emerge when expanding the identities. Random field distribution shape dependencies of the phase diagrams and magnetization curves are investigated for simple cubic, body centered and face centered cubic lattices. The conditions for the occurrence of reentrant behavior and tricritical points on the system are also discussed in detail.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure

Supplementing diets for broilers that are low in crude protein and amino acids with protease

The study evaluated supplementation of broiler diets with a protease enzyme. Six hundred Ross 308 female broiler chicks were acquired at one day of age and randomly distributed to three treatments with five replicates of 40 chicks each. The experimental treatements consisted of i) a positive control diet with normal levels of crude protein, digestible lysine and digestible sulphur containing amino acids (PC); ii) a negative diet with reduced levels of crude protein, digestible lysine and digestible sulphur containg amino acids (NC); and iii) the NC diet augmented with Ronozyme ProAct protease at 200 mg/kg (NC+ENZY). Compared to the other diets, feeding the PC produced the highest final bodyweight (BW), bodyweight gain (BWG), and feed intake (FI) and best feed conversion ratio (FCR) over 0 - 42 days. The PC diet also produced the highest hot and cold carcass yields, ileal protein digestibility and improved the serum biochemistry parameters. Relative to the NC, the NC+ENZY diet increased BW, BWG and FI, improved FCR, increased ileal protein digestibility, hot and cold carcass yields, and the crude protein content of meat. However, it decreased serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels and the crude fat content of meat of broilers. As a result, protease supplementation at the level of 200 mg/kg may not remove the detrimental effects that are caused by a 6% reduction in crude protein and digestible amino acids on performance, hot and cold carcass yields and ileal digestibility of crude protein of broilers. Keywords: broiler, growth performance, low crude protein diet, meat, nutrient digestibility, protease, serum biochemistry parameter

Analysis of Public Transport System, Hatay Example: Detection of Existing System

Today, with the development of our cities, the population density has increased and therefore many problems have arisen due to the increase of the traffic density in the city and the existing transportation systems which were previously not planned with erroneous technical infrastructure have become unable to answer. Measurements of the decision variables related to the routes, vehicles and passengers are made in order to determine the existing public transport system. These decision variables include the number of vehicles leaving service during the day, the passenger carrying capacity of the vehicles, the starting and ending times of the laps, the length of the public transport line, the number of laps made during the day, the number of passengers per vehicle, and the total number of passengers. By using these variables, the structure of the existing public transportation system is determined. Increasing the quality of public transport services in metropolitan cities and raising the quality of users in more economical conditions is only possible by incorporating business activities into an institutional structure, integrating public transportation enterprises into one and planning and managing them in a unified way. Our aim in this study is to evaluate the existing route structures, vehicle types and travel analyzes in the public transportation system in Hatay Province and evaluate the positive and negative points in the developing urban structure and to transform them into an effective and sustainable structure

Structural, optical and magnetic properties of Zn1−xMnxO micro-rod arrays synthesized by spray pyrolysis method

Undoped and Mn-doped ZnO micro-rod arrays were fabricated by the spray pyrolysis method on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy showed that these micro-rod arrays had a polycrystalline wurtzite structure and high c-axis preferred orientation. Photoluminescence studies at 10 K show that the increase of manganese content leads to a relative decrease in deep level band intensity with respect to undoped ZnO. Magnetic measurements indicated that undoped ZnO was diamagnetic in nature whereas Mn-doped ZnO samples exhibited ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature, which is possibly related to the substitution of Mn ions (Mn2+) for Zn ions in the ZnO lattice

Yönetim Bilgi Sistemi Olarak E-Okul Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi

The purpose of the study is to determine the perceptions of the teachers and principals of primary schools in Muş Province of Turkey on the status of the existing competence of e-school as a management information system and to make an assessment of the e-school management information system.  This study was designed as a survey study. The population comprises of 1698 teachers and school principals working in the state primary schools in the central district of Muş province during the 2010-2011 educational year. The sample consists of 835 randomly selected teachers and school principals. The results showed that there is not a statistically significant difference between the perceptions of the majority of the teachers and the school principals who think that the e-school system is adequate in terms of institutional affairs, student affairs and student report card works period. On the other hand, there is a statistically significant difference regarding the teachers’ and school principals’ perceptions of the favorite place of access to e-school and adequacy of the eschool system.  ÖZ. Bu araştırmanın amacı; ilköğretim okullarındaki yönetici ve öğretmenlerin yönetim bilgi sistemi olarak “E- okul”un mevcut yeterlilik durumuna yönelik görüşlerini belirlemek ve e-okul yönetim bilgi sisteminin bir değerlendirmesini yapmaktır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen “Yönetim Bilgi Sistemi Olarak E-okul Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi Anketi (YBSEA)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma evrenini 2010-2011 eğitim-öğretim yılında Muş ili merkez ve merkeze bağlı ilköğretim okullarında görev yapmakta olan 1698 öğretmen ve örneklemini ise bu evren içerisinden tesadüfî olarak seçilen 835 öğretmen ve yönetici oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlara göre; ilköğretim okullarında görev yapmakta olan yönetici ve öğretmenler, yönetim bilgi sistemi olarak e-okul uygulamaları hakkında genel anlamda olumlu bir görüşe sahiptirler.E-okul uygulamalarını yeterli gören yönetici ve öğretmen görüşleri arasında kurum, karne ve öğrenci işlemleri, boyutlarında bir farklılık görülmezken, e-okulun yeterliliği konusunda erişimde tercih edilen mekan değişkeni açısından öğretmenler lehinde anlamlı görüş farklılığı bulunmaktadı

The spatial range of peripheral collinear facilitation

Contrast detection thresholds for a central Gabor patch (target) can be modulated by the presence of co-oriented and collinear high contrast Gabors flankers. In foveal vision collinear facilitation can be observed for target-to-flankers relative distances beyond two times the wavelength (λ) of the Gabor's carrier, while for shorter relative distances (<2λ) there is suppression. These modulatory influences seem to disappear after 12λ. In this study, we measured contrast detection thresholds for different spatial frequencies (1, 4 and 6 cpd) and target-to-flankers relative distances ranging from 6 to 16λ, but with collinear configurations presented in near periphery at 4° of eccentricity. Results showed that in near periphery collinear facilitation extends beyond 12λ for the higher spatial frequencies tested (4 and 6 cpd), while it decays already at 10λ for the lowest spatial frequency used (i.e., 1 cpd). In addition, we found that increasing the spatial frequency the peak of collinear facilitation shifts towards larger target-to-flankers relative distances (expressed as multiples of the stimulus wavelength), an effect never reported neither for near peripheral nor for central vision. The results suggest that the peak and the spatial extent of collinear facilitation in near periphery depend on the spatial frequency of the stimuli used

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase modulate breast cancer cell metabolic reprogramming and correlate with poor patient outcome

The pentose phosphate pathway is a fundamental metabolic pathway that provides cells with ribose and NADPH required for anabolic reactions - synthesis of nucleotides and fatty acids - and maintenance of intracellular redox homeostasis. It plays a key role in tumor metabolic reprogramming and has been reported to be deregulated in different types of tumors. Herein, we silenced the most important enzymes of this pathway - glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and transketolase (TKT) - in the human breast cancer cell line MCF7. We demonstrated that inhibition of G6PD, the oxidative branch-controlling enzyme, reduced proliferation, cell survival and increased oxidative stress. At the metabolic level, silencing of both enzymes reduced ribose synthesis. G6PD silencing in particular, augmented the glycolytic flux, reduced lipid synthesis and increased glutamine uptake, whereas silencing of TKT reduced the glycolytic flux. Importantly, we showed using breast cancer patient datasets that expression of both enzymes is positively correlated and that high expression levels of G6PD and TKT are associated with decreased overall and relapse-free survival. Altogether, our results suggest that this metabolic pathway could be subjected to therapeutic intervention to treat breast tumors and warrant further investigation